Systems Architecture and Engineering for Complex Operational Networks

How do we architect and engineer complex socio-technical systems, spanning supply chains, transportation networks, and extreme-environment infrastructure, that stay reliable and adaptive as scale, uncertainty, and interconnectivity grow?

I approach this from the inside: nearly a decade at Singapore Airlines taught me that most operational failures are not caused by any single broken part, but by misaligned interfaces between people, processes, and systems. My work asks how to design for that alignment, whether the “system” is a fleet of aircraft, a transit network, or a robot on the Moon.

My aim is to develop practical, evidence-based tools for architecting systems that hold together under real-world messiness — where data is incomplete, incentives are misaligned, and failure has consequences. My work sits at the intersection of systems architecture, operations research, and applied AI/ML, with a specific focus on: